Alanine Transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme which is mainly produced in the liver. Small amount is also produced by the heart, kidneys, pancreas & muscles. Low levels of ALT are normally found in the blood. Higher levels of Alanine Transaminase (ALT) signifies liver damage or disease as ALT leaks from damaged cells in the liver. Immuno-suppressant drugs (e.g. prednisone, azathioprine etc) used for the treatment for dogs with AIHA/IMHA can increase the levels of ALT because these drugs are toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic). Other causes of raised ALT include hemolysis, drugs such as caparsolate (heartworm treatment) & acetaminophen (paracetamol), Cushing’s Disease (hyperadrenocorticism), trauma (injury) to the liver, bile duct blockage or liver disease, hepatic neoplasia, pancreatitis, diabetes, heartworm & severe muscle disease.
Blood tests to investigate liver function normally look at ALT levels, in conjunction with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin levels. ALT and AST levels are useful tests for liver damage.
Scientific studies have shown that Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), a herbal remedy that has been used for 2,000 years, is particularly useful for protecting the liver from damage from toxins. Milk Thistle can be very effective in reducing liver enzymes during treatment for AIHA/IMHA because of it’s detoxifying properties.
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